Flavonoids, alkaloids, theobromine, caffeine

Beans

1.) Vlachopoulos C, Aznaouridis K, Alexopoulos N, et al. Effect of dark chocolate on arterial function in healthy individuals. Am J Hypertens 2005;18:785-91. 2.) Flammer AJ, Hermann F, Sudano I, et al. Dark chocolate improves coronary vasomotion and reduces platelet reactivity. Circulation 2007;116:2376-82. 3.) Kris-Etherton, P. M. and Keen, C. L. Evidence that the antioxidant flavonoids in tea and cocoa are beneficial for cardiovascular health. Curr.Opin.Lipidol. 2002;13(1):41-49. 4.) Steinberg, F. M., Bearden, M. M., and Keen, C. L. Cocoa and chocolate flavonoids: implications for cardiovascular health. J Am.Diet.Assoc. 2003;103(2):215-223. 5.) Shiina, Y., Funabashi, N., Lee, K., Murayama, T., Nakamura, K., Wakatsuki, Y., Daimon, M., and Komuro, I. Acute effect of oral flavonoid-rich dark chocolate intake on coronary circulation, as compared with non-flavonoid white chocolate, by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography in healthy adults. Int J Cardiol. 1-24-2009;131(3):424-429. 6.) Spadafranca, A., Martinez, Conesa C., Sirini, S., and Testolin, G. Effect of dark chocolate on plasma epicatechin levels, DNA resistance to oxidative stress and total antioxidant activity in healthy subjects. Br.J Nutr 2010;103(7):1008-1014.

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This information in our Herbal Reference Guide is intended only as a general reference for further exploration, and is not a replacement for professional health advice. This content does not provide dosage information, format recommendations, toxicity levels, or possible interactions with prescription drugs. Accordingly, this information should be used only under the direct supervision of a qualified health practitioner such as a naturopathic physician.